Journal: Oecologia

Article Title: Seasonal variations in bird selection pressure on prey colouration

doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-04994-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Sources of variation in bird attack characteristics on caterpillar-shaped plasticine models of four different colours (mixed model ANOVA, type III tests). Signal: aposematic or cryptic colouration; grouping: models of different colours exposed in mixed groups or singly; period: early, mid-, and late summer

Article Snippet: We used a mixed model ANOVA (SAS GLIMMIX procedure, type III tests; SAS Institute ) with different model statements: binomial distribution with logit link function for the attack rate, Poisson distribution with log link function for the attack intensity, and Gaussian distribution for the order in which models were found by the observer (averaged across the five conspecific trees at each site for each census).

Techniques: Blocking Assay

Journal: Oecologia

Article Title: Seasonal variations in bird selection pressure on prey colouration

doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-04994-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Seasonal changes in the intensities of bird attacks on plasticine models of cryptic (black and green) and aposematic (red and yellow) colours. Values are estimated marginal means + SE. Bars marked with different letters significantly differ from each other (mixed model ANOVA, t test)

Article Snippet: We used a mixed model ANOVA (SAS GLIMMIX procedure, type III tests; SAS Institute ) with different model statements: binomial distribution with logit link function for the attack rate, Poisson distribution with log link function for the attack intensity, and Gaussian distribution for the order in which models were found by the observer (averaged across the five conspecific trees at each site for each census).

Techniques:

Journal: Oecologia

Article Title: Seasonal variations in bird selection pressure on prey colouration

doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-04994-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Conspicuousness of colours used in the experiment for human eye (higher rank corresponds to lower conspicuousness) ( a ) and bird attack rates on models of these colour in early ( b ), mid- ( c ), and late ( d ) summer. Values are estimated marginal means + SE for proportion of models attacked during 1 week. Bars marked with different letters significantly differ from each other (mixed model ANOVA, t test)

Article Snippet: We used a mixed model ANOVA (SAS GLIMMIX procedure, type III tests; SAS Institute ) with different model statements: binomial distribution with logit link function for the attack rate, Poisson distribution with log link function for the attack intensity, and Gaussian distribution for the order in which models were found by the observer (averaged across the five conspecific trees at each site for each census).

Techniques:

Journal: Oecologia

Article Title: Seasonal variations in bird selection pressure on prey colouration

doi: 10.1007/s00442-021-04994-9

Figure Lengend Snippet: Bird attack rates on cryptic (black and green) and aposematic (red and yellow) models offered in mixed groups of all four colours and singly in a tree in different periods of season: early summer ( a ), mid-summer ( b ), and late summer ( c ). Values are estimated marginal means + SE for proportion of models attacked during 1 week. Bars marked with different letters significantly differ from each other (mixed model ANOVA, t test)

Article Snippet: We used a mixed model ANOVA (SAS GLIMMIX procedure, type III tests; SAS Institute ) with different model statements: binomial distribution with logit link function for the attack rate, Poisson distribution with log link function for the attack intensity, and Gaussian distribution for the order in which models were found by the observer (averaged across the five conspecific trees at each site for each census).

Techniques:

Journal: Plants

Article Title: An HLD Model for Tomato Bacterial Canker Focusing on Epidemics of the Pathogen Due to Cutting by Infected Scissors

doi: 10.3390/plants11172253

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relationship between populations of Cmm and probability of tomato bacterial canker (TBC) infection. ( A ) Populations of Cmm in tomato bacterial canker-infected plants, grouped according to symptoms (symptomless, early wilt, and late wilt). The center bar of the boxplot is the median, the lower and upper horizontal bars are the 25th and 75th percentile, and whiskers show the 95% range. The values of log 10 CFU/g plant tissues with three different symptoms were not significantly different (ns, p > 0.05, ANOVA). ( B ) Proportion of diseased plants inoculated with different concentrations of Cmm . Error bars show standard error of mean (SEM). Different letters indicate a significant difference from the other bars in different concentrations of Cmm ( p ≤ 0.05, Tukey’s HSD test).

Article Snippet: ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple test ( n = 4) were performed using RStudio.

Techniques: Infection

Journal: Journal of insect physiology

Article Title: Dynamic changes in ejaculatory bulb size during Drosophila melanogaster aging and mating

doi: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2018.04.005

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ejaculatory bulb size changes during mating. Shown are two independent repeats of an experiment in which the area of the ejaculatory bulb size (normalized to wing size) was determined in Canton S males at different times after the start of mating (ASM); three additional repeats are shown in Fig. S3. Units are based on the units of area provided by ImageJ. Bars indicate means, and boxed cover the two middle quartiles. The whiskers extend to the highest and lowest data points in the set. A) n= 6, 7, 10, 10, 9, 8, 8, p=3.77×10−5 for ANOVA performed using R Studio. F= 6.517, df=6; pairwise p-values: v/2m: 0.018, v/5m: 0.000023, v/10m: 0.00025; 5m/25m: 0.025, 5m/3h: 0.049; v/1h: 0.087; all others had p>0.1. (B) n=47, 54, 51, 50, 50, 50, 46, p=2×10−16 for ANOVA performed using R Studio. F= 30.178, df= 6; pairwise p-values <0.01 for v (or 2m or 5m) vs. 10m, 25m, 1h, or 3h; all other pairwise p-values >0.1.

Article Snippet: F= 6.517, df=6; pairwise p-values: v/2m: 0.018, v/5m: 0.000023, v/10m: 0.00025; 5m/25m: 0.025, 5m/3h: 0.049; v/1h: 0.087; all others had p>0.1. ( B) n=47, 54, 51, 50, 50, 50, 46, p=2×10 −16 for ANOVA performed using R Studio.

Techniques: